BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The congenital anomaly of nose is the one of causes of cosmetic of face and repair of this defect is very difficult. In this article, it was reported a case of congenital hypo plastic nasal alar with failure in operation two times. CASE: A 19 year old female referred with hypo plastic nasal alar who had been already operated two times with a failure in repairing this defect. A COMPOSITE graft from ear with suitable size was inserted in the defect area of nose and it was improved. CONCLUSION: For repairing this anatomical defect and decreasing failure, this new surgical method is suggested.

Background and Aim: Considering flexural strength of fiber-reinforced COMPOSITEs (FRC) and also the role of conservative cavities in protecting sound tissue of abutments, the aim of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of these bridges by handmade samples in vitro.Materials and Methods: In this experimental in vitro study, 44 sound newly extracted teeth were used to make 22 fixed inlay bridges including 11 three unit anterior upper inlay bridges substituting clinical model of upper central and 11 three unit posterior lower inlay bridges substituting clinical model of lower first molar.Specimens were prepared with FRC and mounted with artificial PDL in acryl. Cases were exposed to final load by using Universal Testing Machine (Instron 1195) with the speed of 1 mm/min. Statistical analysis was performed by Kolmogorov- Smirnov, independent sample T and Kaplan-Meier tests with p<0.05 as the level of significance.Results: Based on the statistical tests, the 95% confidence interval of mean was 450-562 N in anterior and 1473- 1761 N in posterior area. Fracture strength was high in the studied groups. Fractures in both groups occurred on COMPOSITE facing, and the framework remained intact. The highest percentage of fracture in posterior teeth was in the middle of pontic towards the distal connector and in the anterior teeth in the lateral connector, between central pontic and lateral abutment. Using the independent sample T test a significant statistical difference was observed between two groups (P<0.001). The fracture resistance of anterior samples was lower than the posterior ones.Conclusion: Based on the results of this study regarding the high fracture resistance in both areas FRC inlay bridges could be recommended for upper anterior and lower posterior teeth in clinical dentistry certainly more studies are needed to ascertain this treatment option.

This study was accomplished in order to evaluate the of COMPOSITE basing technique (CB.T) on fracture resistance of the teeth restored with porcelain inlays (invitro). Forty sound human maxillary first premolars were divided into 4 groups. Each group included 10 teeth. samples prepared in the following manner: group 1 :prepared and restored without CB.T group 2:prepared but unrestored without C B.T group 3 :prepared and restored with CB.T group 4:prepared but unrestored with CB.T for all groups Instron universal machine were used under compressive load. 1- no significant difference were observed in fracture resistance and fracture mode between teeth that restored (group 1 &3). 2- no significant difference were seen in fracture resistance and fracture mode between unrestored teeth ( group 2&4 ). 3- significant difference were seen in fracture resistance between restored teeth (group 1&3)and prepared but untestored teeth (group 2&4).

Background and Aim: The present study aimed at determination of the fatigue resistance and failure mode of cuspreplacing onlays in endodontically treated premolars using indirect COMPOSITE resin restorations. Materials and Method: In this experimental study, 84 human premolars were randomly divided into 7 groups of 12. These groups were prepared as follows: Intact teeth used in groupl as control, the second group covers the endodontically treated teeth, restored with indirect onlays using Z-250 COMPOSITE resin, the next two groups (i.e. 3,4) were similar to the second group, but subjected to 1 and 2 million fatigue load cycles, respectively. Groups 5, 6, 7 were similar to groups 2, 3, 4, respectively, however, in these groups Tetric Ceram used as the restorative material. All specimens were loaded using a Universal Testing Machine until fracture occurred and the mode of failure observed with naked eye. Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-Square tests were used to analyze the data (a=.05). Results: All specimens withstood the masticating simulation. The mean fracture strength for groups 1 to 7 were: 1276.92, 1269.05, 1217.80, 1188.13, 1228.97, 1127.86, 1105.58, respectively. No statistically significant differences were found between the groups in fracture strength and failure mode. There was no statistically significant difference between two types of resin COMPOSITE (P=0.203) and load cycles (P=0.298) after zero, 4 and 8 years aging. Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, restored premolars with indirect COMPOSITE onlays show fatigue resistance equal to natural tooth up to 8 years after restoration. Furthermore, no statistically significant differences were found between 4 and 8 years of load cycles. Tetric Ceram Z-250 restoration agent showed no effect on the tooth fracture resistance with the most observed fractures to be occur under CEJ with no capability to be restored.

Background and Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the fracture resistance of two different designs of tooth preparation and fiber placement in fiber-reinforced COMPOSITE restorations replacing a missing mandibular lateral incisor.Materials and Methods: Forty newly extracted human mandibular intact teeth (20 centrals and 20 canines) were selected for fabrication of twenty FRC inlay bridges. A box preparation design with straight fibers and a slot design preparation with curved fibers were implemented. After preparation, the teeth were mounted in self-cured acrylic resin with 6.5 mm distance from each other. PDL was simulated with polyether material. After taking impressions with polyether material, the impressions were poured with dental stone. The two groups of bridges were fabricated and bounded to teeth with panavia F2. The cyclic load of 1.2×106×20N×1.66HZ was applied with 130O angle. The samples were stored in 37oC water for seven days and then thermo cycled (2000 cyles, 5-55oC). The fracture strength was tested by a universal testing machine (Instron 1195) at a speed of 1 mm/min. The mode of fracture was observed under stereomicroscope. The data was analyzed by using independent sample T-test.Results: The mean fracture resistance for the box design and direct fiber group was 1411.07 N and in the slot and curved fibers group was 377.33 N. The group difference was statistically significant (P=0.012).Conclusion: It could be concluded that in fiber-reinforced COMPOSITE restorations, box design with straight fiber has more fracture resistance than slot design with curved fiber.

Objective: Contamination leads to decreased bond strength causing failure of restorative treatments. The present study evaluated micro-shear bond strength of COMPOSITE-COMPOSITE after saliva contamination and searched for the best method to maintain primary bond strength.Methods: In this in-vitro trial, specimens made by Z100 COMPOSITE resin were divided into 7 groups each containing 15 samples and were prepared as follows: Group 1- Control (no contamination), Group 2: Saliva+air drying, Group 3- Saliva+rinsing+ air drying, Group 4- Saliva+ rinsing+ air drying+ etching, Group 5- Saliva+ rinsing+ air drying+ etching+ bonding, Group 6- Saliva+ alcohol, and Group 7- Saliva+ 0.5 mm removal of COMPOSITE+ rinsing + air drying. Z100 COMPOSITE was added through tiny tubes (0.7x1 mm) to the prepared surfaces and cured. The microshear bond strength was then determined. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparison tests.Results: Mean and standard deviation of the microshear bond strength was 23.0±3.60 MPa in group 1, 11.71±2.49 MPa in group 2, 17.60±4.25 MPa in group 3, 21.84±6.34 MPa in group 4, 21.25±7.58 MPa in group 5, 21.65±5.53 MPa in group 6 and 17.34±5.95 MPa in group 7. Differences between groups 1 and 2 (P<0.0001), 2 and 4 (P<0.0001), 2 and 5 (P<0.001) and 2 and 6 (P<0.0001) were statistically significant.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that air drying of the surface after saliva contamination decreased microshear bond strength significantly. All cleansing methods increased bond strength of the specimens up to that of the control group.

Background and Aim: Because of polymerization shrinkage and high viscosity of posterior COMPOSITEs, there are some difficulties in using them in posterior restorations. Several methods have been represented to reduce the effect of shrinkage. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of curing flowable COMPOSITEs under condensable ones in adaptation and microleakage reduction of posterior COMPOSITE restorations.Materials and Methods: In this experimental in vitro study, forty class II MO cavities were prepared on extracted intact molar and premolar human teeth. Gingival margins were placed 1 mm apical to CEJ. The teeth were divided into two groups. In group 1, flowable COMPOSITE (Filek Flow, 3M, ESPE, USA) with 0.5-1 mm thickness was applied and cured following application of bonding agent (Single Bond, 3M, ESPE, USA). The rest of the cavity was filled by condensable COMPOSITE (p60, 3M, ESPE, USA). In group 2 the flowable COMPOSITE was not cured, and the condensable COMPOSITE was applied in two increments. After light curing of COMPOSITEs, all the specimens were thermocycled and then immersed in 0.3% basic fuschin. Specimens were sectioned and evaluated for degree of dye penetration under a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney test with p<0.05 as the level of significance.Results:. There was no significant difference between the two studied groups regarding microleakage. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, neither cured nor uncured flowable COMPOSITE under condensable COMPOSITE can omit microleakage in posterior COMPOSITE restorations.

Background and Objective: In inlay restorations, most of the polymerization occurs out of the mouth. The aim of this study is to compare two types of restoration for micro leakage amount. Subjects and Methods: Thirty four premolars were randomly divided in two groups. In the direct COMPOSITE restorations, mesio-occlusal cavities were prepared. After etching and bondig the cavity, 1 mm of the floor of the box was filled with F2 COMPOSITE and the rest of it was restored with Nulite F. In the direct inlay COMPOSITE group, cavities with same dimensions but with divergent walls (5-6 degrees) were prepared. Then Tetric Ceram COMPOSITE was directly formed and cured in the cavity. Inlays were taken out and heated in boiling water for seven minutes. Then sandblasting by aluminum oxide was performed and inlays were cemented in the cavities with Rely X cement. Then the specimens were thermo cycled and immersed in 2% fushin for 24 hours. Samples were investigated with stereomicroscope with magnification ratio of 40 and analysis was done with Mann-Whitney test. Results: All the samples in to the two groups are in score 0 and score 1 division based on their microleakage (without microleakage: score 0, microleakage to enamel: score 1). The data analysis showed that the two groups had not significant statistical difference. Discussion: Although in direct inlay restorations most of polymerization shrinkage occurs extra oral, but it is not sufficient for complete reduction in micro leakage amount but this restoration is clinically suitable as direct COMPOSITE restoration.